This little pass-it-on post comes by way of UTNE which got it from Miller-McCune (May-June 2009), a solutions-minded magazine published by the Miller-McCune Center for Research, Media, and Public Policy (www.miller-mccune.com) in a piece called “Liberals aren’t un-American; Conservatives aren’t ignorant.” And the person generating this discussion in Jonathan Haight, a moral psychologist, a self-avowed liberal who has been helping Democrats understand why, for example, the country voted Republican in 2004.
Influenced by Lawrence Kohlburg’s 1981 book, The Philosophy of Moral Development, Haight argues that morality not only in the ethical decisions made by individuals who learned—in a moral evolution over several millennia—were framed not just because humans established values based on how others treated them, and they treated others, but also emerged as communities grappled with values and ethics that would ultimately benefit the group or the culture. Morality, Haight says, “Morality is not just about how we treat each other, as most liberals think; It is also about binding groups together and supporting essential institutions.”
Out of his research, Haight came up with five foundational moral impulses:
- Harm/care: It is wrong to hurt people; it is good to relieve suffering.
- Fairness/reciprocity: Justice and fairness are good; people have certain rights that need to be upheld in social interactions.
- In-group loyalty: People should be true to their group and be wary of threats from the outside. Allegiance, loyalty, and patriotism are virtues; betrayal is bad.
- Authority/respect: People should respect social hierarchy; social order is necessary for human life.
- Purity/sanctity: The body and certain aspects of life are sacred. Cleanliness and health, as well as their derivatives of chastity and piety, are all good. Pollution, contamination, and the associated character traits of lust and greed are all bad.
The Miller-McCune report says that “Haidt’s research reveals that liberals feel strongly about the first two dimensions—preventing harm and ensuring fairness—but often feel little, or even feel negatively about the other three. Conservatives, on the other hand, are drawn to loyalty, authority, and purity, which liberals tend to think of as backward or outdated. People on the right acknowledge the importance of harm prevention and fairness but not with quite the same energy or passion as those on the left.”
Then there’s the issue of moral disgust. Conservatives experience it when liberals don’t share the same passion as they for items 3,4 and 5; liberals likewise experience it when people who embrace items 1 and 2 with the same passion as do they.
Haight believes that liberalism and conservatism broadly speaking are necessary points of view that work well when in a sort of sympathetic balance in the cultural discussion. The demonization of those who reasonably hold a point of view other than our own, is not only pointless but destructive.
That’s why—this is me talking, not Haight—Michael Moore virtually handed Bush the Oval Office in 2004, and why he was noticeably keeping his big mouth shut in 2008.
It’s why the congressman should not have called Obama a liar, and why Jimmy Carter once again has demonstrated – well, I won’t go there.
Anyway, reading Haight’s five foundational principles, made me think that they might provide a useful rubric for you to use in an adult study class or even a sermon, assuming you bring up the issue of the origins of morality in your preaching from time to time.